- Opsigter en byvoegings - Simon Jansen
Louis Van Bengale Stamboom Geskiedenis
2 April 1662 Ouderdom 12 Louis vBengale arrives in Cape as Slave of Zacharias... Cape of Good hope The Angelier and Oijevaer from Batavia arrive in Cape with Zacharias Wagenaer & his slave Louis van Bengale. Mansell Upham 'What can't be cured, must be endured … Cape of Good Hope - first marriages & baptisms (1652-1665)', January 2012, 2 April 1662: Angelier & Oijevaer bring: Cape's newly appointed 2nd Commander Zacharias Wagenaer (from Dresden) ex Batavia with wife Maria aux Brebis (from Wesel), stepdaughter Maria de Bucuoij, Widow Coen Verburg & 5 personal slaves." http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm He was then about twelve years old.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1666 1666 Ouderdom 16 Sold to Hendrik Lacus 1666 Cabo de Boa Esperança was sold by Zacharias Wagenaar to the sekunde, Hendrik Lacus, for the sum of 80 rijksdaalders.J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die Blanke nageslag." http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm When Wagenaer left the colony in 1666 his step-daughter sold Louis to the Secunde, Hendrik Lacus, for 80 rix dollars.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1667 1667 Ouderdom 17 Taken over by the Company In 1667 Lacus was sent away from the colony in disgrace and Louis was taken over by the Company, for whom he worked without reward for five years.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1671 1671 Ouderdom 21 Bought his freedom Bought his own freedom when Henrik Lacus , his owner, was found guilty of fraud. http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm
In 1671 Commissioner Isbrandt Goske, who was visiting the Cape, gave him permission to buy his freedom, but it took him some months to accumulate the means to do so. In April 1672 he was at last able to petition the Council of Policy to grant him his freedom. His petition was granted, provided he paid 50 reals of eight to Lacus' account.93 'From 1673 onwards,' notes Leon Hattingh, 'his name appeared annually on the roll of free inhabitants at the Cape.'Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1675 5 Mei 1675 Ouderdom 25 Baptism of Louis van Bengale NGK Kaapstad, Cape Town, Caep de Goede Hoop, South Africa (Suid-Afrika) Louis himself had been baptised in 1675, when he was 'about twenty-three years old'.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1675 Ouderdom 25 Gets land in Tafelvallij granted land Tafelvallij in 1675 and he used it to grow fruit and vegetables.J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die Blanke nageslag." http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm
1676 1676 Ouderdom 26 Builds house in Berg St, CT Berg Street, Cape Town, South Africa (Suid-Afrika) Granted an erf in Berg Street, Cape Town on which he built a house.J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die Blanke nageslag." http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm Louis prospered in freedom. By 1676 he owned two pieces of land in Table Valley: a garden on the lower slopes of the mountain, 'in the vicinity of presentday Breda Street' and a residential plot in Bergstraat near the centre of the town.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1678 28 April 1678 - 30 April 1678 Ouderdom 28 Lijsbeth breaks into Louis vBengale's house Lijsbeth Sanders confessed that she had broken into his house and stolen a gold ring and 3 silver buttonsfor which she was ceded to Louis in compensation for his loss and her accomplices - two sailors - were banished to Robben Island. Webpage tanap.net ( http://databases.tanap.net/mooc/ ) (Original records held by Western Cape Archives and Records Service, Roeland Street, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa) "Reference code: C. 13, pp. 40-43. Dinsdagh 14 Junij 1678. [1] Presentibus omnibus. ... Den slavin van den baes timmerman Adriaen van Brackel, in hegtenis sittende over gepleegde dieverijen en gesustendeerde huijs-braack ten huijse van den borger Louwijs van Bengale,Sien konfessie van 30 April 1678 van genoemde slavin in C. J.2954: Confess. & Interrog ., 1677-1685, p. 90. is goet gevonden gem. slavinne den eijgenaer weder te laten toekomen, mits dat hij alvoor[e]ns gehouden sal sijn met gemelte Louwijs van Bengaale over de gestoolen goederen te accordeeren en deselve te contenteeren.
Sittende insgelijcx noch in hegtenis twee matroosen alhier in guarnisoen bescheijden gent. Bartel Koop en Bastiaen Hendricx de welcqe van de bovengemelte slavin worden beschuldigt dat sij eenige gestoolen contanten van haer souden hebben genooten, 't welcq nochtans bij haer wort ontkent, Soo is mede goet gevonden de gemelte 2 persoonen voor eenigen tijt op 't Robbeneijlandt aen d' gemeene wercken te laten arbeijden, mits behoudenis van gagie. Aldus geresolveert in 't Fort d' Goede Hoop ten dage en jaare voors. ........................... CRUDOP. DIRCQ JANSZ SMIENT. J. CRUSE. Ms. VAN BANCHEM. http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm
In July 1678 Louis also acquired a female slave, the 18 yearold Lijsbeth van de Kaap. She had belonged to a neighbour, the Company's master carpenter Adriaen van Brakel, who had bought her in 1671 from one Mathijs Coemans for /1 60 (53 rix dollars).98 Louis acquired her in a most unusual manner. In April 1678 she broke into his house in Bergstraat, opened a wooden cupboard in his room and stole a gold ring, three pairs of silver buttons and some money. When apprehended, she at first denied the theft, saying she had traded the items from a 'Hottento' named Corhaeij, but two days later she confessed (apparently under torture) and, presumably after receiving some form of corporal punishment, she was returned to her owner.99 The Council of Policy determined that Van Brakel should compensate Louis for the losses caused by his slave. When he failed to do so, Louis again approached the Council, which ordered that Lijsbeth be sold to raise the money.100 Instead, it seems, Van Brakel gave her directly to Louis.101 In this way Gerrit Coetzee's maternal grandmother became the slave and concubine of his grandfather, Louis of Bengal. Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
Julie 1678 Ouderdom 28 Louis vBegangale owns slave Elysabet Elysabet NN before 6 June 1680
In July 1678 Louis also acquired a female slave, the 18 yearold Lijsbeth van de Kaap. She had belonged to a neighbour, the Company's master carpenter Adriaen van Brakel, who had bought her in 1671 from one Mathijs Coemans for /1 60 (53 rix dollars).98 Louis acquired her in a most unusual manner. In April 1678 she broke into his house in Bergstraat, opened a wooden cupboard in his room and stole a gold ring, three pairs of silver buttons and some money. When apprehended, she at first denied the theft, saying she had traded the items from a 'Hottento' named Corhaeij, but two days later she confessed (apparently under torture) and, presumably after receiving some form of corporal punishment, she was returned to her owner.99 The Council of Policy determined that Van Brakel should compensate Louis for the losses caused by his slave. When he failed to do so, Louis again approached the Council, which ordered that Lijsbeth be sold to raise the money.100 Instead, it seems, Van Brakel gave her directly to Louis.101 In this way Gerrit Coetzee's maternal grandmother became the slave and concubine of his grandfather, Louis of Bengal. Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1680 6 Oktober 1680 Ouderdom 30 Baptism of Lijsbeth Louisz, SM Born in Bondage, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa (Suid-Afrika) On 6 October 1680 the first child born to Lijsbeth and Louis was baptised in the church in Cape Town.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1681 1681 Ouderdom 31 Owned slave Anthonij van Coromande By April 1678 he owned one slave: Anthonij van de Cust Coromandel, who in 1681 was brutally punished by the Council of Justice for desertion and assault, and set in chains for life.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1683 27 Julie 1683 Ouderdom 33 Louis VBengale frees Lijsbeth & her two children Emancipated Lijsbeth Sanders“mijn meijt genaemt Lijsbeth van Cabo”; & his children: Elizabeth Louisz and Anna Louisz.J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die Blanke nageslag." http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm
In July 1683, the year that Louis and his family moved to Stellenbosch, Louis signed a document in which he set Lijsbeth and her two children free. 'lek Louis van bengale bekenne vrijgegeven te hebben mijn meijtgenaamt lijsbeth van Cabo' he declared, '... en meede vrijgeefi haer twee kinderen...'105 This document was tested in court six years later, and found wanting, but there is no reason to doubt the sincerity of Louis' intention at the time. Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1683 Ouderdom 33 Settles in Stellenbosch on the banks of the Eerste Rive Louis of Bengal had settled in Stellenbosch in 1683 when he was 31 years old. He was among a small group of free blacks who moved to the new settlement on the banks of the Eerste River in the early 1680s in order to take advantage of free land grants and new farming opportunities, partly in response to encouragement from Governor Simon van der Stel. He was granted 29 morgen on the banks of the river in an area known as Jonkershoek, named for Jan Andriesze, otherwise known as Jan de Jonker, who lived further up the valley.86 Louis optimistically named his farm Leefop Hoop}1 His near neighbours were Manuel and Anthony of Angola and Jan and Marquait of Ceylon.88 Across the river, and about three kilometres upstream on the edge of the new village of Stellenbosch, lived fellow settlers Steven Jansz Botma (at Welgevallen) and Dirk Coetzee (at Coetsenburg).Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1684 1684 Ouderdom 34 Marriage of Louis van Bengale and Maria van de Caap 1685 1685 Ouderdom 35 Birth of Anna Louisz Cape, South Africa (Suid-Afrika) 1686 10 Februarie 1686 Ouderdom 36 Birth of Maria Louisz, SM Caap de Goede Hoop, South Africa (Suid-Afrika) 1687 17 Maart 1687 Ouderdom 37 Engagement of Louis van Bengale and Lijsbeth van de ... In March 1687 the couple made a trouwbelofie (got engaged) before the College of Landdrost and Heemraden in Stellenbosch.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
24 Mei 1687 - 25 Oktober 1689 Ouderdom 37 Owned slave Matthijs van Java Matthijs van Java 24 May 1687 - 25 October 1689
1688 15 Maart 1688 Ouderdom 38 Lijsbeth runs off with William Teerling Sues Lijsbeth for being "absent"& demands that she must marry him. She protests his abuse. Later that year she runs off with William Teerling, who had worked with Louis. Louis sues them & demands that the court reinstate her in slavery, demanding custody of the youngest child & release from the promise to marry her which he says he had failed to do because she wasn't a Christian) The court says that he can get the child once he has paid Lijsbeth the full "kostegeld" J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die Blanke nageslag." http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm
Exactly one year later, however, Louis appeared before the College again, this time to sue Lijsbeth for desertion and to demand that she marry him. Lijsbeth countered that her promise to marry Louis had been conditional upon an improvement in his behaviour towards her. The Landdrost had warned him, she reminded the court, that he should no longer treat her so tyrannically, 'met smijten, slaan en dreijgementen van dooden ... (with shoving, hitting and threatening to kill her ...)', but since that time things had got worse, not better, and she no longer wished to marry him, nor would she live with him.107 Lijsbeth was adamant, and she resisted all attempts of the assembled Heemraden to reconcile the couple. Finally she and Louis agreed to part: 'Lijsbeth could go where she would, but she should neither marry another nor live with him ... as long as Louis remained unmarried.' Louis got custody of the two children 'bij dito Lijsbeth in onecht geprockeert (procreated out of wedlock with the said Lijsbeth)', but the youngest child (Maria Louisz) was permitted to remain one more year with her mother, provided that Louis paid maintenance.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1689 Ouderdom 39 Louis takes on & dismisses knegt Willem Teerlin... Louis had taken on a knegt named Willem Teerling (or Tarling), a 55 year-old Englishman who had been 16 years in the Company's service and now worked as a shepherd among the freeburghers.110 Louis now alleged that, while in his house, Teerling had seduced and 'debauched' Lijsbeth and won her away from him. Being unable to prove this, he said, he was obliged to dismiss Teerling, whereupon Lijsbeth left him too.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1690 1690 Ouderdom 40 Returns to Cape Town Louis returned to Cape Town in 1690, bitter over the departure of his slave and concubine and crippled by the losses he had suffered. He sold Leef op Hoop to his neighbour, Anthony of Angola, and retreated to Cape Town where he still owned a house and a garden plot.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1694 21 Maart 1694 Ouderdom 44 Marriage of Louis van Bengale and Rebecca van Maccasser In 1694 Louis married Rebecca of Macassar, a free woman and a Christian (possibly a mardijker), recently arrived from Batavia.142 She joined the Cape church on arrival and it was perhaps under her influence, as Karel Schoeman suggests, that Louis was confirmed as a full member of the church in 1697Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1697 21 Junie 1697 - 4 Augustus 1700 Ouderdom 47 Owned Slave Titus van Macassar Titus van Macassar 21 June 1697 - 4 August 1700
30 Augustus 1697 Ouderdom 47 Makes a will & provision for his children 30 August 1697, Louis van Bengale and Rebecca van Macassar executed a will at Cabo de Boa Esperança. Louis made particular provisions for his three natural children. At his death each would receive fifty rijksdaalders; and, he lodged the money with the Orphan's Chamber because his financial situation was precarious.J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die Blanke nageslag.". http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/g6/p6129.htm
1705 1705 Ouderdom 55 Has to sell house For a while Louis & Rebecca lived a life of modest comfort in Louis' house in Bergstraat, but in 1705 Louis' debts caught up with him and he was obliged to submit to the sale of his house and its contents in execution of a judgement against him.144 Louis had many debts - in 1703 he had mortgaged his house for 200 guilders to Joan Blesius the Fiscal (the same who had prosecuted Lijsbeth van de Kaap in 1696) - and one wonders whether some were not incurred in a bid for respectability and burgher status, as Louis settled down to life as a married man and church-goer in the Colony's only town.145 In1703, for example, he bought six ebony chairs at the auction of Christina Does, a prominent resident of the town.146 The list of his possessions sold at auction in 1705 includes a backgammon board, eight porcelain dolls with porcelain hair, a silk cabaaij (jacket), 12 pictures, 2 mirrors, a curtained bed, 4 sheets, a teapot, 2 porcelain cups and saucers, 24 porcelain plates, 23 porce lain serving dishes, 18 table napkins, a round table and 12 chairs, including the 6 ebony chairs acquired in 1703.147 The house itself (recorded as ' 7 huijs van Swart Louis') was sold for 603 rix dollars. This was not the end of Louis's troubles. 'Indeed Hattingh remarks that since 1676 he was never without debt', notes Karel Schoeman.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1708 1708 Ouderdom 58 Kerkraad of Cape Town calls in an outstanding debt In 1708 the Kerkraad of Cape Town called in an outstanding debt of /300.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1711 1711 Ouderdom 61 Creditors claim his garden land in Table Valley In 1711 Louis’ creditors finally claimed his garden land in Table Valley.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1715 1715 Ouderdom 65 Louis vBengale sues to have Lijsbeth back as his slave In that same year Louis made one last futile attempt to force Lijsbeth to return to him: he sued Jan Herbst for the return of his 'slave'. The Council of Justice dismissed his claim as 'frivolous' and fined him 2 rix dollars for having handed in a document without a seal.Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1715 Ouderdom 65 Dependent on aid from the church poor fund By 1715 Louis and his wife Rebecca were dependent on aid from the church poor fund. Sodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
1716 1716 Ouderdom 66 Death of Louis van Bengale Cape Town, Caep de Goede Hoop, South Africa (Suid-Afrika) Louis died soon after, penniless and apparently embittered. His widow, described in church documents as 'Rebecka' or 'de vrouw van Swarte Louis', remained dependent on a monthly grant from the poor fund until her death in 1724.151 Louis had made her his sole and universal heir, but there was no estate to bequeath. However Louis's three 'onegte hinderen', Elisabeth, Maria and Anna, were each left 50 guilders, for Louis had wisely entrusted these monies to the Orphan Chamber at the time of his marriage to RebeccaSodomy, Race and Respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 —1762: The Story of a Family, Loosely Defined Author(s): SUSAN NEWTON-KING Source: Kronos, No. 33 (November 2007), pp. 6-44 Published by: University of Western Cape Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41056580 . Accessed: 29/09/2014 07:02
